SPIES AND SECRET SERVICE


Fouché

From an engraving after Girardet


SPIES AND SECRETSERVICE

THE STORY OF ESPIONAGE, ITS MAINSYSTEMS AND CHIEF EXPONENTS

BY
HAMIL GRANT

LONDON
GRANT RICHARDS LTD.
ST MARTIN'S STREET
LEICESTER SQUARE
MDCCCCXV


PRINTED BY THE RIVERSIDE PRESS LIMITED

EDINBURGH


[7]

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
PAGE
The Ethos of the Spy17
The Pragmatical Age—Spies always with us—PrehistoricAges—Antiquity—Jurists and Spying—Morin'sViews—Napoleon and Spies—Modern Spy's Characteristics—The Aristocratas Spy—Teutons inferior to Latins—Women as Spies—The Salic Law—Mentalityof Efficient Spy—Degeneracy of Spy—Good Education and Presenceessential—Audacious rather than Courageous—Napoleon's Leniency towards Spies 
CHAPTER II
The Spy through the Ages29
 Spies and the Bible—The Jew as Spy—Polyænus andhis Work—Mithridates his own Spy—Frontinus andStratagems—Ruses of Lelius—Tarquin's Son—Military"Psychologising"—Alexander's Black Cabinet—Histiæusand Ionia—Carrier-Pigeons used by Ancients—Hannibaland his Spies—Cæsar's Use of Spies—Romeand Church Spies—Continental School Spies—Frederickthe Great real Founder of Modern Espionage—HisAmbition for Prussia—Napoleon and Spies 
CHAPTER III
Le Caron39
 Piggott and Le Caron—How the Major adopted hisAlias—Birth and Bringing-up—Puritanical Surroundings—Worksin Paris—Volunteers in American CivilWar—His Religion—Fenian Movement—Employed byBritish Government to spy on Fenians—Joins Irish RepublicanArmy as Organiser—An Impromptu Speech—Fenian[8]Movement's Growth—General O'Neill's invasionof Canada—A Generous Cheque from Ottawa—TheClan-na-gael Movement—Le Caron an Active Spirit—TheIrish World—Influence of the Clan—A Russo-IrishAlliance—Le Caron and Parnell—The Major's realStatus—How he won his quasi-Heroic Reputation 
CHAPTER IV
Schulmeister58
 Schulmeister a Master Spy—His Value to Napoleon—AClaimant to Lofty Origin—Birth and Early Life—Smugglingas a Trade—Meets Sav
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