BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas 78712
John T. Lonsdale, Director

Guidebook 2

TEXAS FOSSILS:
An Amateur Collector’s Handbook

By
William H. Matthews III

November 1960
Second Printing, July 1963
Third Printing, August 1967
Fourth Printing, June 1971
Fifth Printing, November 1973
Sixth Printing, April 1976
Seventh Printing, November 1978
Eighth Printing, September 1981
Ninth Printing, August 1984

Contents

Page

Introduction 1

What are fossils? 3

The study of fossils 4

Paleobotany 4

Invertebrate paleontology 4

Vertebrate paleontology 4

Micropaleontology 4

Preservation of fossils 5

Requirements of fossilization 5

Missing pages in the record 5

Different kinds of fossil preservation 7

Original soft parts of organisms 7

Original hard parts of organisms 7

Calcareous remains 10

Phosphatic remains 10

Siliceous remains 10

Chitinous remains 10

Altered hard parts of organisms 10

Carbonization 10

Petrifaction or permineralization 10

Replacement or mineralization 10

Replacement by calcareous material 11

Replacement by siliceous material 11

Replacement by iron compounds 11

Traces of organisms 11

Molds and casts 11

Tracks, trails, and burrows 14

Coprolites 14

Gastroliths 14

Pseudofossils 14

Dendrites 14

Slickensides 16

...

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