ROMAN CATHOLICISM
IN SPAIN.

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Introduction—Variablenessof outward practice of Christianity—The like as to that ofMahometanism—Roman Catholicism most subject to thatmodification—Excesses of Roman Catholicism in Spainaccounted for by Spanish history—The Goths and Moors ofAfrica—Their conversion to Christianity—Theaborigines of America—Traditional coincidences withscriptural truth—National character of the religion ofSpaniards—Religion of the affections—SantaTeresa—Amatory propensities in connection withreligion—Knight-errantry—Motto of Spanishnobility—The four primitiveorders—Loyola—Religion the pretext for wars ofSpain—Three distinct features of the national character ofSpaniards, illustrated by Isabella the Catholic, Charles V., andPhilip II.

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CHAPTER I.

The Spanish Clergy—Theirprimitive state—Their subsequentorganization—Barraganas—Immoral practices ofthe clergy—Their wealth, and its sources—Theirterritorial possessions—Their influence andincomes—Their opposition to the sciences—Theirultramontane principles—The “pass” of theSpanish sovereign necessary to the validity of the Pope’sbulls—Doctrine p. iiof the Jansenists favoured by theministers of Charles III.—Port-Royal and SanIsidro—Parish priests—Sources of theirincome—Many of them good men, but deficient in scripturalknowledge and teaching—Their preaching—Abolition oftithes by the minister, Mendizabal—Effects of thatmeasure—Poverty and present state of the clergy—Theirdegraded character and unpopularity—Their timidity inrecent times of tumult—Ecclesiastical writers of thePeninsula—Power of the Inquisition curtailed by CharlesIII.

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CHAPTER II.

Monachism—The superiorityof the monastic over the secular clergy—Reasons forit—Orders of Monks—The Carthusians—Theiradvancement in agriculture, and love of the fine arts—Theirseclusion and mode of living—Only learned men admitted totheir order—Their form of salutation—Curiousadventure of a lady found in the cell of a Carthusian—TheHieronimites—The Mendicant orders—“Piousworks”—The Questacion—Decline of Spainaccounted for—Vows of chastity, poverty, andobedience—How vow of poverty eluded—Lahonesta—Vicar-general of the Franciscanorders—His immense income—Religious orders haveproduced many great and good men—Cardinal Ximenez deCisneros—His celebrated Bible—Corruption of monasticorders—Insubordination of friars to the b

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